Sample Persuasive Message - 1105 Words

Sample Persuasive Message Judy Robertson COMM 470 May 23, 2011 Dr. Janice Carter-Steward Sample Persuasive Message In this paper the subject to identify is three behaviors inherent in e-tailing, explain how each medium enables e-commerce, and analyze each behavior using the communication process. The three behaviors to be discussed are independent variables, intervening variables, and dependent variables. Two types of independent variables are personal characteristics and environmental variables (Turban, King, McKay, Marshall, Lee, amp; Viehland, 2008). Personal characteristics refer to the demographic factors, internal individual factors, and behavioral characteristics (Turban, King, McKay, Marshall, Lee, amp; Viehland,†¦show more content†¦The buyers and sellers must trust the e-commerce’s computing environment and the infrastructure. If they do not feel comfortable or trust security of the infrastructure he or she will not buy the product he or she was looking to buy (Turban, King, McKay, Marshall, Lee, amp; Viehland, 2008). There are two ways to increase trust in e-commerce the following are: 1.) Affiliate with an objective third party. This builds trust by putting hypertext links on their website to other trusted reputable companies. 2.) Establish trustworthiness through these key elements integrity, competence, and security (Turban, King, McKay, Marshall, Lee, am p; Viehland, 2008). The organizational behaviors are similar, to individuals with a few differences, the individual is more the business-to-consumer where family and Internet communities can have an influence. The organizational is more the business-to-business concept where family and Internet communities have no influence on purchases (Turban, King, McKay, Marshall, Lee, amp; Viehland, 2008). Marketing and advertising processes for organizations are different. The traditional way to market goods was through trade shows, magazines, newspapers, and salespeople calling. With the digital world or e-commerce an organization could use online directory, matching, the marketing and advertising service of exchanges, co-branding or alliances, affiliate programs, online marketing, or e-communities (Turban, King, McKay, Marshall, Lee, amp;Show MoreRelatedSample Persuasive Message1623 Words   |  7 PagesSample Persuasive Message Your Name COMM 470 Instructore March 29, 2012 Sample Persuasive Message Most people have ventured onto the world wide web. Some enter the online world to check email from family members far away. Other people enjoy the web to watch videos on YouTube of babies doing the weirdest thing. Some log online for social media websites that let them know what their friends, family and celebrities are doing that day. Most people who have ventured online have shopped onRead MoreSample Persuasive Message1116 Words   |  5 PagesSample Persuasive Message Rodolfo G. Garcia Jr. COMM/470 August 22, 2011 Margarette Chavez Sample Persuasive Message E-tailing, short for electronic retailing is the sale of retail merchandise over the internet. There are many factors that beckon different behaviors in e-tailing ( Searchcio.com, 2011 ). It is the new wave of the world today. As technology steers our habits toward electronic commerce, it affects different behavioral aspects for both e-tailers and their customers. E-commerceRead MoreSample Persuasive Message1317 Words   |  6 PagesSample persuasive message COMM/470 Communicating In The Virtual Workplace Electronic commerce has become a part of everyday lives. Many retail choices available through the Internet, which can save time, effort, and provide a greater selection. Electronic retailers (e tailers) realize this has become an increasingly competitive environment. These retailers must not only find new customers but also retain the existing customers. As with any retail-company, business research isRead MorePersuasion Is The Act Of Changing Individuals1357 Words   |  6 Pagespersuasion attempts fail. This suggests that a persistent attempt to persuade can actually backfire, because the individual feels that the persuasive message is directly threatening their personal freedom. This threat to their personal freedom will often produce a defiant response which is called the boomerang effect. The individual reacts against the intended message and takes on a totally different attitude because they become irritated and their reaction is to go against the persuader , especially ifRead MoreImpact of Persuasive Advertisements on Consumer Buying Behavior Towards Health Related Products.1296 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚   | RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORMAT |   Ã‚  Ã‚   | Research Title: |    |   Impact of persuasive advertisements on consumer buying behavior towards health related products. | Introduction: |   Ã‚   | This thesis is about the study of consumer buying behavior towards health related product and their perceptions after watching advertisements and then make their decisions whether to purchase the product or not. This will help to find out the most important factors which can affect the buying behavior of the consumerRead MoreThe Potential Influences Of Attitude And Attitude Change1715 Words   |  7 Pagesenables this study to either prove or disprove whether individuals can be influenced by what they hear from a professional, or through word of mouth. According to Calder, Insko Yandall (1974), more arguments favouring a certain position are more persuasive than having less arguments. Although perhaps valid, this view cannot be extrapolated to this study, as it will aim to uncover new evidence using a different method (see method section) and the research is potentially out-dated. As previously mentionedRead More3 Inherited Behaviors Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pages In this discussion I will explain how each medium enables e-commerce. This essay will explain the analysis of each behavior using the communication process, which will explain the purpose, sender, receiver, message, environment, noise, technology, and feedback. At the end persuasive message focused on virtual audience will be developed and included in this essay. When a customer starts to search for a product or service on the Internet, there are many factors taken into consideration. In most casesRead MoreSample Message Essay1345 Words   |  6 PagesSample Persuasiv e Message COMM/470 Sample Persuasive Message The Internet has created many choices for consumers to shop within the privacy of their own home. The world of e-tailing has many competitors, striving to make a sale each and every time a consumer visits their website. In order to persuade the consumer to purchase a product, a business must effectively communicate the message about their product to the consumer. The primary purpose of a persuasive message is to have the receiverRead MoreA Research Study On Anti Smoking Campaign1494 Words   |  6 Pagesare in inducing higher levels of understanding and commitment to not smoking. Subjective quantitative data will be collected via self-reports. A Visual Analogue Scale (V.A.S.) will measure the audiences’ understanding of the message by asking â€Å"To what extent were the messages easy for you to understand?† wherein a point will be marked on a 100 millimetre (mm) scale ranging from 0, â€Å"not at all,† to 100, â€Å"a very great extent.† The numerical score will be determined through measuring the distance ofRead MorePersuasion Is The Process, And Motivation1322 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Speech â€Å"Persuasion is the process, and motivation is the compelling stimulus that encourages your audience to change their beliefs or behavior, to adopt your position, or to consider your arguments, (McLean, 2012)†. Persuasion is an act or process of presenting arguments to move, motivate, or change your audience,†. This involve observation of available means in a public speaking for persuasion, for remember persuading my husband to buy a car for my 40th birthday even that’s not he wants

The Lottery Symbolism Essay - 992 Words

One of most interesting parts of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is simply trying to understand what the symbols in the story mean. These symbols included the lottery, the tools used in the lottery and even the people of the town. Within the first few lines of Shirley Jackson described a picture of a clear, sunny, fresh and warm summer day. She continues this sense of comfort by adding small children playing after being released from school for the summer, and the townspeople gathering calmly for the annual â€Å"Lottery†. Jackson leads us into believing that the story is going to be a happy cheery one just as the summer day that she initially described. Man, where we mislead! Through the use of symbolism, Shirley Jackson reveals to the us,†¦show more content†¦This shows Mr. Summers lack of empathy for his fellow townspeople, even thou their fate rests in his hands. Another great name in this story belongs to Mr. Summer’s assistants. His name is Mr. Graves, which does not become meaningful until the end of the story. Old Man Warners character represents the stubborn, closed minded, old traditional way of thinking that supports this mindless type of rituals. His answer to the comment mad e that some places up north giving up the lottery was, Pack of crazy fools listening to the young folks, nothings good enough for them. His reasoning was, Theres always been a lottery. He had been involved in the lottery for 77 years, which has him believing that the town was still doing the correct thing, it is tradition after all. The method of execution at the end of the story is certainly not random. Stoning is one of the oldest and most common forms of execution, but it is also one of the most symbolic. It has strong connection to many people due to its use throughout The Bible. One reason, that stoning was used in the past as well as the reason that it is important in this story is that there is no single executioner. This means that there is not a single person that has passed judgment or has to carry the guilt for taking a life alone. This is important for the story of â€Å"The Lottery because it helps to make clear who the enemy inShow MoreRelatedLottery Essay Symbolism1249 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism Essay Symbolism is a sign that has been used by literary authors to represent a larger idea into another more specific concept or belief. Symbolism can be used to represent an action, an idea or a person’s archetype as well. The term symbolism is the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing in things with a symbolic meaning or character (â€Å"Symbolism†). Examples of symbolism are: an eagle representing freedom, a dove representing peace, and the color green can symbolizeRead MoreThe Lottery Symbolism Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesAll around the world today thousands of people die from murder and the numbers increase every year. Our world is filled with violence and tragedies that keep increasing, just like in, Shirley Jacksons story â€Å"The Lottery.† The characters in a small village choose someone to stone to death each year because of tradition. As this tradition continues, more and more people die as time passes. All of the towns folk grow mo re and more nervous, hoping not to get picked. They gather in the town square toRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesTo a first time reader, Shirley Jacksons â€Å"The Lottery† seems simply as a curious tale with a shocking ending. After repetitive reading of Jacksons tale, it is clear that each sentence is written with a unique purpose often using symbolism. Her use of symbols not only foreshadow its surprise and disturbing ending but allows the reader to evaluate the communitys pervert traditional rituals. She may be commenting on the season of the year and the grass being â€Å"richly green† or the toying with theRead MoreThe Lottery Symbolism Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a short story based on a fictional village that holds a macabre ritual. Although the regularity was not stated within the tale, the story speaks of a regular gathering of the village folk to conduct some form of lottery. In a disturbi ng twist of the tale, the winner of the lottery doesn’t get to receive a prize, but instead, suffer the indignity of being killed by getting stoned to death by friends, family, and neighbors. Mrs. Hutchinson is the unfortunate soul,Read More Symbolism in Jacksons The Lottery Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesLottery: A Terrifying Trip Symbols can be used to convey a special meaning to the reader by association, especially when a material object is used to represent something abstract. Throughout the years, American writers have been using their works as a way to describe society to their broad audiences. As time periods change, writers as well as readers change their view about society. Several factors affect how readers view society in a piece of literature. To get a better understanding ofRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people play the lottery today, they think about having wealth. Generally, people who win are happy about it whether they win one dollar or a million. The lottery in our society has grown to support education and it is often worth several million dollars. Usually, the winner of the lottery gains a lot of recognition for the money they win. But what would happen if there was a small town where people held a yearly lottery in which the â€Å"winner† was the member of the town who was not sacrificedRead MoreEssay on Symbolism and Characterization in Jackson’s The Lottery726 Words   |  3 Pagespassed on, from previous generations in Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery†. Traditions, which have been lost in time, but seemingly enough the stones have not been discarded. Set on a village in a warm summer day, the story begins with several boys gathering stones for the lottery. The rest of the villagers gather in the square. The fate of the villagers is determined by a slip of paper chosen from the black box. Symbolism and characterization, from the beginning to the end, work togetherRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay748 Words   |  3 PagesThe Lottery: Symbolism In her story â€Å"The Lottery†, Shirley Jackson manages to catch the readers’ attention and ultimately shock them with an unexpected ending; all of which help her emphasize her critique toward the dark side of human nature and the evil that resides, sometimes, in those who we less expect it from. Jackson uses symbolism throughout the story that helps her set the mood and also makes the readers wonder and analyze the senseless violence and cruelty in their own lives. It all startsRead More Symbolism and Setting in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism and Setting in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson ?The Lottery? by Shirley Jackson is a short story that without the symbolism of its characters, would amount to little more than an odd tale about a stoning. However, because of what each character represents and the way the setting helps to magnify those representations, it becomes a short story that is anything but short of meaning. The first character is probably the most obviously symbolic character of the story. Every wordRead More The Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Within the first few lines of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery we are faced with such adjectives as clear, sunny, fresh and warmth. She goes on to paint a picture of small children just out of school for the summer, as the townspeople gather for the annual Lottery. This leads us to believe that the rest of the story is as cheery as the summer day initially described. We as the readers are virtually unaware of the horrible senseless events

Task Delegation in Time Management

Question: Discuss about theTask Delegation in Time Management. Answer: Introduction Research shows that 50% of time management is spent in information processing whereas 80% of that information is of no use or value to the organization (Mancini, 2003). Therefore, effective time management is crucial to meeting organizational goals. Moreover, it helps create a chance to perform other tasks, especially for managers. The purpose of the paper is to conduct a research on task delegation as a component of time management. It highlights the importance of task delegation as a tool for time management and how managers can utilize it to improve delivery. It also outlines ways of performing task delegation for the success of business operations. Reason for Delegation As a business manager, one needs to allocate much time as possible to boost development of the service and business. Such requires one to dedicate a significant amount of time to planning for both long and short-term needs of the organization. Therefore, if one can minimize the amount of time spent on everyday operational task, then they will be able to dedicate more time planning and growth of the organization (Leucke, 2009). One of the best ways to achieve such is through task delegation where a manager can pass such disruptive operational responsibility to an equally capable individual. Ideally, the primary purpose of delegating is to ensure that it is allocated to the right person for the excellent outcome and reduced risk as the manager's time is organized efficiently. Furthermore, a manager has the opportunity to develop his/her team members by boosting their motivation and morale. When to Delegate A manager needs to have the bigger picture in mind of the ultimate organizational goals. Therefore, a belief that one could perform better by doing a task by themselves cannot justify the reason for not delegating a task. However, there are important factors to be considered when delegating the task. First, one should determine whether delegating the task would allow them to focus on higher value tasks involving organizational planning (MindTools, 2016a). One of the main purposes for task delegation is to create time for important tasks. Thus, a manager needs to recognize a higher value task at hand that requires their attention before delegating routine tasks. However, delegating task to another person when the manager had ample time to handle it would be a waste of time hence a loss to the organization. Second, the manager should determine whether by allocating the task to particular team member will help improve their experience in the area. As mentioned earlier, task delegation is also important for boosting the morale of team members through team development. Therefore, the manager should consider the importance of task to experience or expertise of an employee. He/she should determine whether the job will help enhance the experience of the worker. Such can be achieved by considering the relationship between the task and expertise or experience of the employee (MindTools, 2016b). Finally, the manager should determine whether the member can develop new innovative ideas towards the task. Successful execution of a task is vital to the overall performance of the organization. However, allocating routine tasks to the usual individuals results in similar outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to explore new ideas and ways of accomplishing the task. Thus, the manager should consider assigning the task to employees with new ideas. Stages for Successful Task Delegation Task delegation involves a logical process that allows the manager to clearly define the requirements for every stage to ensure optimized productivity (Tracy, 2014). The process also requires the manager to practice complete clarity when communicating the needs at every stage to ensure task completion. The stages include: Selecting the Right Individual for the Task A manager should often have an accurate picture of every member of his or her team. Such includes understanding their know-how concerning their duties, their skill in accomplishing a task and their attitude towards the job (Julie, 1998). One can obtain such information by observing and evaluating the behaviors and competencies the employees display in diverse situations. The manager can identify the right individual by selecting those that exhibit the required behaviors to perform the task. Such can be assessed by the way such employees handle unexpected circumstances or how they deal with other team members. Moreover, the selected team member must feel that the task commensurates with their level of authority and role description. Thus besides giving them an opportunity to improve, they are also able to apply their skills and initiative. Providing a Clear Goal The manager has the responsibility to provide all the information required by the team members to accomplish the task successfully. Moreover, the manager should instill a clear sense of the importance of the work and how it will impact the organization. Such can be achieved by clearly defining the expected outcome of the task being delegated which includes how the members and managers success will be measured. It will enable the team members to clearly understand the goal and expectations (Stephen, 1989). Furthermore, it can be achieved by engaging the team members through question and answer forum to facilitate their understanding. Task Delegation to a Single Team Member Delegating a task to more than one individual not only consumes time but causes considerable confusion to the team members. When many people are involved in performing different portions of a task, it becomes difficult for them to determine the beginning and end of their responsibilities. As a result, some aspects of the job are left unperformed or become duplicated as some think it is others' responsibility. Therefore, is important that an individual understands that the whole task is their sole responsibility to guarantee success. Furthermore, assigning the entire work to a person gives them the ultimate authority to ensure that it is accomplished to the expected standards. However, when the task is split and allocated to many people, everyone will feel disengaged and leave the responsibility to anyone else involved in the project (Cook, 1999). It thus results it reduced seriousness by which the task is handled hence low performance. Set Realistic Deadline Deadlines act as a motivation and a push to accomplish a task within a given period. Therefore, it is important that the selected team member knows the timeline as well as understanding the reason for it. The team member needs to understand the reason for a particular timeframe as an assurance of their acceptance of the task. However, circumstances, where a third party is involved, may be challenging for providing an appropriate deadline. Moreover, understanding the reason for a timeframe helps boost the motivation of the team member. For instance, a challenging or strict deadline may negatively affect a team member especially when they start doubting their ability to finish on time leading to losing of motivation. Deadlines should also be flexible to give room for exploring all the available options to accomplishing a task (Rivera, 2007). The set timeframe should allow the team member to explore other options or develop new ideas of performing a task. Strict deadlines are set based on previous encounters or performance of a particular task. However, it does not provide room to or ample time to explore other ideas thus compromising the outcome. Moreover, it does not allow a team member to develop their knowledge and experience as they are restricted to the conventional methods of performing the task. Conduct Periodic Reviews It involves identifying the key points regarding the work and the relevant dates for submitting feedback about progress. By carefully monitoring the job a manager can know the potential issues the team member may experience and resolve them before they become catastrophic. The manager should often ensure that the task is on track and is ready to intervene in significant changes in the project's direction. Furthermore, it is through spaced, pre-defined, and regular review that a manager will get timely information and act accordingly before they escalate to serious levels. Reviews can be carried out by performing task debrief regarding task completion to enable both the team member and the manager have the honest appraisal of the project. It also helps the manager recognize his or her personal development as a way of gauging their potential. Also, a debrief will also assist the Manager measure performance regarding what went poorly, what went well, and areas that require improvement. Recognizing those who Completed the Job Giving credit to the team member who completed the task offers them personal recognition at both corporate and team level for their achievement (Tracy, 2013). Therefore, the manager should come up with a way to recognize and appreciate the effort devoted to the task by the team member. However, they should assume responsibility if the project results in failure and learn from such experience for efficient delegation in future. Conclusion In conclusion, effective time management allows a manager to reflect organizational and personal decisions to improve performance. Moreover, a manager can set priorities more efficiently to focus mainly on the important tasks. As a component of time management, task delegation enables the manager to accomplish such. He/she can have enough time to handle important organizational responsibilities while allocating the job to equally capable team members. Further, task delegation also helps improve team members' morale, skills and experience hence increased productivity. Reference Tracy, B. (2013).Delegation supervision. Mancini, M. (2003).Time management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Cook, M. (1999). Streetwise Time Management. Avon, MA: Adams Media Corporation. Smith, P.M. (1998). Rules Tools for Leaders. New York: Perigee Books. Julie M. (1998). Organizing from the Inside Out, Henry Holt and Company, LLC, New York. Alec M. A, (1972) The Time Trap.New York Rivera, C. (2007).Time management. Chandni Chowk, Delhi: Global Media. Stephen R. Covey. Fireside, (1989). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, https://www.quickmba.com/mgmt/7hab/ Luecke, R., McIntosh, P. (2009).The busy manager's guide to the delegation. New York: AMACOM/American Management Association. MindTools.com. (2016a). Prioritization: Making the Best Use of Your Time and Resources. https://www.mindtools.com/ pages/article/newHTE_92.htm MindTools.com. (2016b). To-Do Lists: The Keys to Efficiency. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newHTE_05.htm Tracy, B. (2014).Time management.

Unconscionability free essay sample

The corollary is, of course, that unconscionability exists by definition whenever there is an assurance, reliance and detriment, because non-performance of the assurance after the detriment will always be unconscionable. Such a view is at odds with those who view unconscionability as at the heart of the doctrine – in the sense of providing its underlying rationale – because, quite simply, it denies the concept of any discernable meaning. Critically analyse, explain and evaluate this statement in the light of recently decided case law and academic commentaries. To asses and evaluate this statement it first has to be deconstructed and analyzed separately. Then the doctrine and history of proprietary estoppel must be looked at to gain a full understanding of both views the statement provides. Also the manner in which it is applied by the judiciary and the changes to its ideology that have made it what it is today. Unconscionability is crucial element within proprietary estoppel and although it may govern the doctrine, its meaning, application and understanding varies and can appear somewhat vague. We will write a custom essay sample on Unconscionability or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Only once unconscionability has been established may a judge look to â€Å"estopp† what has been deemed unconscionable. However there are two opposing views on the terms of unconscionability and the focus of this essay will be to address both views based on precedents from recent case law which determine when and how unconscionable behavior may allow a proprietary estoppel to arise. The first view on proprietary estoppel and when it is established through unconscionablity is in Wilmott v Barker in the form of the five ‘probandas’. Two relate to the person seeking to raise the estoppel. He must have made a mistake as to his legal rights and must have spent money or done some other act in reliance on his mistaken belief. The other three relate to the person who is said to be being â€Å"estopped†. He must have a right that is inconsistent to the other parties mistaken belief, he must be aware of the mistake and he must have encouraged the other party to act in reliance on that belief. However, more recently, as in, Taylor Fashions Ltd v Liverpool Victoria Trustees Co Ltd where the tenant was seeking an estoppel failed to meet the strict requirements of Wilmott v Barker but in the judges view it required a broader approach. This lay the groundwork for later judges to have a wider, more modern approach to proprietary estoppel. It would be unconscionable for a party to be permitted to deny that which, knowingly or unknowingly, he has allowed or encouraged another to assume to his detriment†. This statement has particular relevance to the first view on unconscionability proposed in the question. Put simply, the whole understanding behind proprietary estoppel and unconscionability is by no means black upon white but rather each case needs a particular look at the background a nd authorities within it to judge whether the actions may be deemed unconscionable and estoppel may arise. When the case, Cobbe v Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd, reached the House of Lords in 2008 it was thought that there would be some clarity over the issue of proprietary estoppel and in particular, the role of unconscionability. Unfortunately, what arose from this was just an addition to the ‘grey area’ that is unconscionability. He stated, â€Å"to treat a proprietary estoppel equity as requiring neither a proprietary claim by the claimant nor an estoppel against the defendant but simply unconscionable behavior is, in my opinion, a recipe for confusion†. This take on proprietary estoppel puts forward the opinion that to base a claim of proprietary estoppel on unconscionable behavior only would be confusing and to some extent unfair as the three traditional elements of assurance, reliance and detriment must still be present. Lord Walker also proposed his opinion on unconscionability saying, â€Å"Unconscionability does, in my opinion, play a very important role in the doctrine of equitable estoppel, in unifying and confirming, as it were the other elements. If the other elements appear to be present but the result does not shock the conscience of the court, the analysis has to be looked at again†. This idea simply reiterates Lord Scott’s view that unconscionability on its own, or meeting the three factual requirements do not constitute a proprietary estoppel but instead work in unison and with the courts discretion come to a solid conclusion on whether an equitable estoppel may arise. After this the position on unconscionability was left once again obscure, â€Å"If taken literally, this reformulation would have curtailed the reach of estoppel†. As in the aforementioned Taylor Fashions Ltd v Liverpool Victoria Trustees Co Ltd a broader test was adopted to asses whether the conduct complained about was indeed unconscionable. Again, this is at odds with other statements within the judgment and again brings forth confusion as it explains that a case of proprietary estoppel can not be solely based on unconscionable behavior but also required the three traditional elements. The first of these three elements is representation, or an assurance of rights, which gives way to an expectation as to the future rights of the land for the claimant. This representation can simplified as the, â€Å"encouraging of a course of action which it would not be sensible for the claimant to undertake unless he was not to be granted some interest in the property†. A more modern approach was shown in Inwards v Baker. In this case a son had built a bungalow on his father’s land, and on his suggestion and was lead to believe that he would occupy it after his father death but in fact the land had been left to others. The Court of Appeal held that the son had permission allowing him to remain on the property as long as he wished and because he altered his position to his detriment in reliance on a belief induced by his fathers conduct. Lord Denning stated, â€Å"The son had a license coupled with an equity such that any purchaser who took the land from the owner with the notice of the son’s interest would also be bound by the equity† Another aspect of this factual element is that these representations may be made in ‘willful silence’. In other words, if one knows but does nothing when a person has built on his land, equity considers that it would not be just to allow the landowner to take advantage or profit from it. As in Ramsden v Dyson where Lord Wensleydale commented, â€Å"if a stranger built on my land, supposing it to be his own and I, knowing it to be mine, do not interfere but leave him to go on, equity considers it to be dishonest in me to remain passive and afterwards to interfere and take profit. † This opinion, albeit dated, still has some effect in more contemporary cases because it looks to find a fair and just solution to problems that could arise by a defendant looking to unjustly aquire land which may knowingly belong to him but would be unfair to be given to him as he did not assure the other it was his. The second of these traditional elements is a reliance or a change in position. It is an essential element in establishing an estoppel that the claimant has relied on the representation. If reliance can be proven then the burden falls on the person who has made the representation and is now contesting the estoppel to show that the claimant had not relied on it as in Greasley v Cooke. â€Å"Once it is shown that a representation was calculated to influence the judgement of a reasonable man, the presumption is that he was so influenced†. This requirement curtailed the range of the doctrine and again, confusion arose because of its inconsistencies made by the Court of Appeal. The last of these three traditional requirements is that the claimant must act to his detriment. This ‘detriment’ may involve the expenditure of money or a sufficient amount of physical effort that could be considered detrimental to the claimant and or beneficial to the property owner or the property owners land. In Basham, the claimant and her husband had looked after her stepfather, providing him with meals and working in his house and garden and continued living in the nearby area so that they could continue to care for him. It was held that the principle of proprietary estoppel extended to acts done in reliance of a belief that future rights would be given and was not limited to acts done in a reliance on a belief relating to an existing right. In the case Re Gillet v Holt where G brough an action against H who replaced G as the main beneficiary of H’s will. Relying on Basham H was bound by proprietary estoppel to give the whole of his estate to G. H contended that while the decision in Basham must be correct, if the doctrine based in that case were applied literally, an intended beneficiary could transform a mere expression of intention into a binding promise by acting to his detriment in reliance upon it without the testate’s knowledge. In the decision, the converse approach to proprietary estoppel was presented by Carnwath, J. He dismissed the approach of the three strict requirements but suggested that the over riding principle of proprietary estoppel was unconscionability and it could not be considered unconscionable for someone to go back on his promise unless he was are of the detriment being suffered in reliance on the promise. The Court of Appeal actually went further than this, describing that, â€Å"estoppel was an equitable doctrine to remedy unconscionability†. They provided an adamant opinion in that they â€Å"were not to back down estoppel into the rigid compartments of assurance, reliance and detriment for they act upon eachother, the quality of the relevant assurance can influence the issue of reliance and this can be interwoven with detriment. † In light of Cobbe and with regards to Thorner v Major it is clear that a case for unconscionable behavior is entirely dependant on the context. In Thorner a mere informal assurance may have been enough for a proprietary estoppel to arise due to its specific background. Whereas in Cobbe it is a commercial agreement that would obviously require a stricter approach. Re Cobbe concerned a promise to enter into a commercial contract with a developer who then spent time and effort obtaining planning permisiion at the end of which the defendant tried to renegotiate the financial terms which had been agreed in principle. Lord Scott rejected proprietary estoppel as a remedy because â€Å"the promise in principle had not been the promise of a proprietary right but of a contract† and that there had to be a â€Å"certain interest† in land. Lord Walker had a different view and suggested that some of the domestic cases were wrongly decided in the sense that the parties only hoping they would obtain rights rather than believing they would do so. In Thorner the relationship between the defendant and the claimants knowledge was less formal, in fact, familial. D was the owner of a farm, which P had been working on for thirty years and because of this believed that he would inherit it. Although no direct words had been spoken about handing over the farm to P, in 1990 a Prudential Bonus Notice was given by D to P relating to two policies on D’s life. The House of Lords decided that the giving of such notice constituted a ‘clear and unequivocal’ representation or assurance on which P was allowed to rely on. However, this was used as a basis for the appeal being allowed although the Lords had differing opinions on the subject. Lord Walker said that, â€Å"To establish a proprietary estoppel the relevant assurance must be clear enough. What amounts to sufficient clarity, in a case of this sort is hugely dependent on context†. Lord Neuberger then stated, â€Å"The relationship between P and D was familial and personal and neither of them had much commercial experience. P made, what were, in the circumstances, clear and unambiguous assurances that he would leave his farm to D and D reasonably relied on, and reasonably acted to his detriment, on the basis of those assurances, over a long period. † This case made it somewhat easier to grasp the flexible nature of unconscionability. In a way it also made it easier to establish that assurances made in a family context do not follow in the way of the more formal ‘contractual’ agreements where wording may be more precise and direct and therefore allowing a decision on the assurances and whether those assurances were known by and acted upon by the claimant. Even with all its obscurities and ambiguity it can be said with a reasonable amount of confidence that unconscionability is the logical basis of proprietary estoppel. Many scholars maintain that it must be used in conjunction with the three factual criteria as when looked at on its own can be far too broad. It is commonly believed that the only work the concept of unconscionability should be doing is in the law of proprietary estoppel is to look for a ‘fairness’ within improper and dishonorable dealings and to point out by way of remedy to protect the interest of the reliance. If only one approach were used in defining unconscionable behaviour then it would be inevitable that some cases would have an unjust result. It is the juxtaposition of both these ideas and a defining knowledge of where and when to use them which would result in the most equitable remedy. It is this flexible nature that allows unconcscionable behaviour to be remedied because, although in some cases, the three factual requirements may not be present in their truest form there is still a way that the judiciary may come to a just conclusion. The idea that unconscionability on its own cannot induce a proprietary estoppel may be true but it is also present to deny claims where there is apparent assurance, reliance and detriment as so to find a fair result.